The Empire That Was Russia
In Russia,during the 1900's/10's, a photographer called Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii used red, blue and green filters to take 'colour' photos, even though they couldn't yet be developed in colour. Recently the Library of Congress used the red, green and blue-filtered photos to reprosude colour photographs that are almost 100 year old. They're quite good too.
Props to Adam and Nick.